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accounting_ch_11-tracking_job_costs [2019/01/30 09:22] 127.0.0.1 external edit |
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Cost tracking is one of the most powerful features in Control. Control' | Cost tracking is one of the most powerful features in Control. Control' | ||
+ | ===== Accrual v. Computed Cost Tracking ===== | ||
+ | Control provides you with two options for tracking your costs: | ||
- | Accrual v. Computed Cost Tracking | ||
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- | Control provides you with two options for tracking your costs: | ||
* Accrual Accounting (Full GL-based financial tracking) | * Accrual Accounting (Full GL-based financial tracking) | ||
* Cost Accounting (Non-Financial based cost tracking) | * Cost Accounting (Non-Financial based cost tracking) | ||
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You can choose how to track parts on a part-by-part basis. Some parts might be tracked using accrual accounting, some with cost accounting, and others still might be included for information purposes only and not costed at all. | You can choose how to track parts on a part-by-part basis. Some parts might be tracked using accrual accounting, some with cost accounting, and others still might be included for information purposes only and not costed at all. | ||
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+ | **Accrual (Financial) Tracking** | ||
+ | To accrue is to accumulate, collect, grow, or increase. If you are reading this, you probably already understand the basics of accrual accounting, but a simple recap of how it applies here is in order. | ||
+ | When you purchase materials (we'll use materials in this example because it's easier to visualize, though the same ideas can apply to accrued labor and other parts), those materials are on-hand for use. As such, they are an asset and Control records their value in an (asset) Inventory Account. The expense for purchasing these items is delayed since you still have them. The GL entries will look like: | ||
- | Accrual (Financial) Tracking | + | |**Account** ||**Quantity** ||**Debit** ||**Credit** || |
+ | |Inventory Account||{{: | ||
+ | |Accounts Payable|| | ||
+ | Note that the inventory is not expensed (and doesn' | ||
+ | |**Account** ||**Quantity** ||**Debit** | ||
+ | |Inventory Account||{{: | ||
+ | |Cost of WIP & Built||{{: | ||
- | To accrue is to accumulate, collect, grow, or increase. If you are reading this, you probably already understand | + | The Cost of WIP & Built Account will accumulate |
+ | |**Account** ||**Quantity** ||**Debit** | ||
+ | |Cost of WIP & Built||{{: | ||
+ | |Expense Account||{{: | ||
+ | For wages, equipment, and other parts, Control allows you to set up Accrual Accounts to track the value of these costs. For example, Labor can be accrued on orders and wages and paid directly from the accrual account. This permits the capture of this information on the balance sheet in real time. | ||
- | When you purchase materials | + | \\ **Cost Accounting |
+ | Cost accounting focuses on determining the manufactured costs of the goods sold. In Control, cost accounting tracking is a supplement to financial accounting. There are many reasons that users do not wish to track or inventory all of their parts, but the root cause tends to be that the cost of financial tracking exceeds the value. | ||
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+ | As an extreme example, imagine you own a small pizza business, and one of your costs is oregano for the pizza sauce. You could track the oregano in your inventory, and each time you make a pizza you could measure the amount of oregano and deduct it from your inventory. When the pizza is done, you record your expenses and find you spent about 5 cents on oregano. Since this is a small operation, you decide that it isn't worth your time to measure the oregano and you aren't going to track in on your inventory. Hence, financial accounting is a bit of overkill for this item. | ||
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+ | Control gives you the option to track the costs only, which of course can be estimated in a consumption formula. You can assign the // | ||
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+ | In Control, computed costs and financial costs can be used in the analysis of an order' | ||
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+ | Since the costs just appear without an inventory or source, Computed Costs are not based on double-entry accounting principals. When the cost is entered and the order is in WIP or Built, the entry made is: | ||
+ | |**Account** ||**Quantity** ||**Debit** ||**Credit** | ||
+ | |Cost of WIP & Built||{{: | ||
- | || **Account** || **Quantity** || **Debit** || **Credit** || | + | When the order is marked sale, the computed costs are transferred to the computed costs account |
- | || Inventory Account || {{:: | + | |
- | || Accounts Payable || | + | |
- | Note that the inventory is not expensed (and doesn' | + | |
- | || Inventory Account || {{:: | + | |
- | || Cost of WIP & Built || {{:: | + | |
- | The Cost of WIP & Built Account will accumulate all charges incurred (through the creation of material usage cards) for orders not yet a sale. Once the order becomes a sale, these costs are then recognized as expenses. \\ || **Account** || **Quantity** || **Debit** || **Credit** || | + | |
- | || Cost of WIP & Built || {{:: | + | |
- | || Expense Account || {{:: | + | |
- | For wages, equipment, and other parts, Control allows you to set up Accrual Accounts to track the value of these costs. For example, Labor can be accrued on orders and wages and paid directly from the accrual account. This permits the capture of this information on the balance sheet in real time. \\ Cost Accounting (Non-Financial) Tracking | + | |
- | || Cost of WIP & Built || {{:: | + | |
- | When the order is marked sale, the computed costs are transferred to the computed costs account | + | |
- | || Cost of WIP & Built || {{:: | + | |
- | || Computed Cost Account || {{:: | + | |
- | Inventory v. Non-Inventory in Materials | + | |
+ | |**Account** ||**Quantity** ||**Debit** | ||
+ | |Cost of WIP & Built||{{: | ||
+ | |Computed Cost Account||{{: | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | \\ | ||
+ | ===== Inventory v. Non-Inventory in Materials ===== | ||
An often confused point is the distinction between accruing costs and inventory. In Control, you may choose to track your inventory levels or not __on a part-by-part basis__. If you choose to track inventory levels for a part, you can also choose to accrue the inventory value and reduce the value as the inventory is used. If you are not tracking inventory, then you may not accrue the inventory value. | An often confused point is the distinction between accruing costs and inventory. In Control, you may choose to track your inventory levels or not __on a part-by-part basis__. If you choose to track inventory levels for a part, you can also choose to accrue the inventory value and reduce the value as the inventory is used. If you are not tracking inventory, then you may not accrue the inventory value. | ||
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The choice for these is found in the part setup. | The choice for these is found in the part setup. | ||
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- | {{:: | + | |
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Each of the three cases is considered below. | Each of the three cases is considered below. | ||
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- | + | **Don't Track Costs** | |
- | Don't Track Costs | + | |
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If you are not tracking costs, Control will still allow you to track inventory. However, unless you are tracking costs there are no costs to consider. No financial or cost-tracking entries are made. | If you are not tracking costs, Control will still allow you to track inventory. However, unless you are tracking costs there are no costs to consider. No financial or cost-tracking entries are made. | ||
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- | + | **Only Track Costs for Cost Accounting (not Financial Reports)** | |
- | Only Track Costs for Cost Accounting (not Financial Reports) | + | |
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Another option in Control is to track the costs associated with materials for cost accounting but NOT for financial reports. This is most commonly used for tracking costs associated with non-inventoried parts, though it can be used with inventory tracking enabled. | Another option in Control is to track the costs associated with materials for cost accounting but NOT for financial reports. This is most commonly used for tracking costs associated with non-inventoried parts, though it can be used with inventory tracking enabled. | ||
- | + | When Tracking Costs Only, **no** | |
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- | When Tracking Costs Only, **no** general ledger entries are made associated with the part. Instead, costs are tracked in a computer cost ledger and show up in Cost Accounting analysis only. Computed costs can be reviewed and studied when analysing estimated order profitability, | + | |
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When inventory tracking is turned on, the levels of inventory are also tracked. However, there is no inventory valuation for the part on the balance sheet. Therefore, adjustments to part cost and inventory balances do not show on any adjustment to any financial or costing reports. | When inventory tracking is turned on, the levels of inventory are also tracked. However, there is no inventory valuation for the part on the balance sheet. Therefore, adjustments to part cost and inventory balances do not show on any adjustment to any financial or costing reports. | ||
+ | The relevant Computed Cost Accounts are: | ||
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- | The relevant Computed Cost Accounts are: | ||
* **Computed Costs Accounts**: Computer Costs Accounts are used to track the costs associated with consuming materials that are not shown on the financial statements. Computed cost accounts are analogous to expense accounts, but do not show up in the Income Statement or other financial reports. | * **Computed Costs Accounts**: Computer Costs Accounts are used to track the costs associated with consuming materials that are not shown on the financial statements. Computed cost accounts are analogous to expense accounts, but do not show up in the Income Statement or other financial reports. | ||
* **Computed Costs in WIP & Built**: This computed asset account " | * **Computed Costs in WIP & Built**: This computed asset account " | ||
- | + | **Track Inventory Value and Expense on Financial Reports** | |
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- | Track Inventory Value and Expense on Financial Reports | + | |
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This option allows you to accrue the inventory value and charge it against the Income Statement as the materials are used. This option fully implements the financial elements of an inventory system. As such, this option is only enabled when inventory tracking is enabled. | This option allows you to accrue the inventory value and charge it against the Income Statement as the materials are used. This option fully implements the financial elements of an inventory system. As such, this option is only enabled when inventory tracking is enabled. | ||
+ | The relevant GL Accounts are: | ||
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- | The relevant GL Accounts are: | + | |
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* **Cost of WIP & Built Account**: This asset account " | * **Cost of WIP & Built Account**: This asset account " | ||
* **Expense Accounts**: Each part must specify a GL expense account used to track the costs of the part used during production. Charges for material are recorded against Expense Accounts when an order is marked a Sale. Different parts may use the same Expense Account or you may create unique expense accounts for each part. | * **Expense Accounts**: Each part must specify a GL expense account used to track the costs of the part used during production. Charges for material are recorded against Expense Accounts when an order is marked a Sale. Different parts may use the same Expense Account or you may create unique expense accounts for each part. | ||
* **Inventory Adjustment Expense**: This system expense account is used to record all manual adjustments to inventory valuation or quantity under this option. This account is a system account and cannot be changed or edited. | * **Inventory Adjustment Expense**: This system expense account is used to record all manual adjustments to inventory valuation or quantity under this option. This account is a system account and cannot be changed or edited. | ||
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If adjusting the inventory quantities adjusts the inventory valuation, Control will create offsetting entries in the Inventory Account and the Inventory Adjustment Expense. Similar entries will be created when adjusting the parts cost. | If adjusting the inventory quantities adjusts the inventory valuation, Control will create offsetting entries in the Inventory Account and the Inventory Adjustment Expense. Similar entries will be created when adjusting the parts cost. | ||
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When posting bills for inventoried, | When posting bills for inventoried, | ||
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- | + | ===== Linking Bills to Jobs ===== | |
- | Linking Bills to Jobs | + | |
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Part of the job-costing tools Control provides is the ability to associate non-inventoried expenses with an order. The costs for inventoried expenses are determined by the inventory valuation, and handled as discussed elsewhere in this document. | Part of the job-costing tools Control provides is the ability to associate non-inventoried expenses with an order. The costs for inventoried expenses are determined by the inventory valuation, and handled as discussed elsewhere in this document. | ||
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In Control, Purchase Orders, Receiving Documents, and Bills can all be associated with an order (or even a line item on an order). Further, each line item of the document can be associated with an order (or a line item in the order). | In Control, Purchase Orders, Receiving Documents, and Bills can all be associated with an order (or even a line item on an order). Further, each line item of the document can be associated with an order (or a line item in the order). | ||
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